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I am attaching pictures, illustrating the fiberglass making at AGY, Aiken, SC, USA.
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I am attaching a Technical Product Guide from AGY. They make rovings, yarns, chopped fibers from various specialty Glass fibers. This product guide explains nomenclatures, the various products available, applications, packaging and much more.
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About Rovings:
There are Direct Rovings and Assembled Rovings.Assembled Rovings are basically made up from multiple Direct Rovings. This means you take typically two Bobbins of Direct Roving and wind them up together onto one new bobbin. This basically increases the density of the Roving. E.g. an Assembled Robing made from two 300 tex Direct Rovings result in 600 tex rovings. 600 tex means 600 gr/ 1,000 meter. The density of the strand has basically doubled. In this process, there is no twist applied to the rovings, they are simply “parallel wound”. I am attaching a picture of a Direct Roving S-Glass from AGY.
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About Yarns:
During the glass fiber manufacturing process, molten glass is pushed through bushings by gravitation. Bushings are platinum plates with many holes.
Every hole will create a filament. Depending on the bushing, hundreds to around 400 filaments come together. The filaments form a strand and the strand is wound up. The speed of winding the strand determines the thickness of the individual filament, which is expressed in microns. Individual filaments may be anything from 1.5 micron up to e.g. 24 microns. A micron is 1/1000 mm.
In order to prevent the filaments from gluing together, steam with e.g. starch-oil or silane is blown against the filaments. This also cools down the fibers and keep them flexible and allow them to be bent. Otherwise, they would be brittle as the glass we know it.Typically, yarns are made from the lower micron sizes, such as 1.5 up to 9 micron. Rovings are made from 9 micron up to around 24 microns.
The “Technical Product Guide” from AGY in one of these discussions will explain more about the nomenclatures, availabilities, applications and much more.
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