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I am attaching pictures, illustrating the fiberglass making at AGY, Aiken, SC, USA.
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I am attaching a Technical Product Guide from AGY. They make rovings, yarns, chopped fibers from various specialty Glass fibers. This product guide explains nomenclatures, the various products available, applications, packaging and much more.
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About Rovings:
There are Direct Rovings and Assembled Rovings.Assembled Rovings are basically made up from multiple Direct Rovings. This means you take typically two Bobbins of Direct Roving and wind them up together onto one new bobbin. This basically increases the density of the Roving. E.g. an Assembled Robing made from two 300 tex Direct Rovings result in 600 tex rovings. 600 tex means 600 gr/ 1,000 meter. The density of the strand has basically doubled. In this process, there is no twist applied to the rovings, they are simply “parallel wound”. I am attaching a picture of a Direct Roving S-Glass from AGY.
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About Yarns:
During the glass fiber manufacturing process, molten glass is pushed through bushings by gravitation. Bushings are platinum plates with many holes.
Every hole will create a filament. Depending on the bushing, hundreds to around 400 filaments come together. The filaments form a strand and the strand is wound up. The speed of winding the strand determines the thickness of the individual filament, which is expressed in microns. Individual filaments may be anything from 1.5 micron up to e.g. 24 microns. A micron is 1/1000 mm.
In order to prevent the filaments from gluing together, steam with e.g. starch-oil or silane is blown against the filaments. This also cools down the fibers and keep them flexible and allow them to be bent. Otherwise, they would be brittle as the glass we know it.Typically, yarns are made from the lower micron sizes, such as 1.5 up to 9 micron. Rovings are made from 9 micron up to around 24 microns.
The “Technical Product Guide” from AGY in one of these discussions will explain more about the nomenclatures, availabilities, applications and much more.
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Silica
& Glass Fiber Textiles – Highlights- E-glass
vs. S-glass: E-glass is for general insulation and electrical use; S-glass
offers significantly higher tensile strength and better heat resistance. - Silica
Vitrification: High-purity silica cloth begins to vitrify (become
glass-like/brittle) at temperatures exceeding 1000°C (1832°F). - Fiberglass
vs. Ceramic: Fiberglass is safer to handle and more cost-effective;
ceramic handles higher heat but carries more health/respiratory risks. - Preventing
Fraying: Use a vermiculite or acrylic coating; it stabilizes
the weave during cutting and fabrication. - Food
Grade: Most “greige” (untreated) glass fibers are chemically
inert, but specialized FDA-approved coatings are required for direct food
contact. - Silicone
Coatings: Yes, silicone-coated fiberglass provides excellent water
shedding and oil resistance for outdoor or greasy environments. - Welding
Blankets: For heavy-duty slag, Silica cloth is best. For light
sparks, a vermiculite-coated fiberglass is sufficient. - Vermiculite
Benefits: This natural mineral coating increases the temperature
resistance of fiberglass by several hundred degrees and improves flame
dispersion. - Asbestos
Alternative: Silica and glass fibers are the industry-standard non-toxic
replacements for asbestos in all thermal applications. - Dielectric
Properties: High-purity silica is an excellent dielectric, meaning it
transmits radio waves with minimal interference—ideal for radomes. - Weave
Selection: Satin weave is more flexible for wrapping around
curves; Plain weave is more stable for flat curtains. - Steam
Pipe Wrapping: Heat-treated fiberglass tape is the most common and
cost-effective solution for lagging steam pipes. - Silica
Lifespan: In continuous 900°C environments, silica maintains
flexibility for years if not subjected to heavy mechanical stress. - Aluminized
Fabrics: These reflect up to 95% of radiant heat, making them
perfect for proximity suits and heat shield barriers. - Sewing
Silica: It is possible, but you must use high-temp thread (like Kevlar
or stainless steel reinforced thread) and a heavy-duty needle. - Loss
on Ignition (LOI): This measures the percentage of organic sizing that
burns off. Our textiles are processed for low LOI to prevent smoking
during first heat. - Flexible
Glass Fibers: Modern textured yarns create a “bulky” fabric
that is surprisingly flexible and offers better insulation than flat
weaves. - Textured
Yarns: By adding “loft” to the yarn, we trap more air, which
is what actually provides the thermal insulation value. - SS-Reinforced
Glass: Adding a fine stainless steel wire to the yarn increases the
mechanical strength and prevents the fabric from dropping during a fire. - Molten
Metal Filtration: High-silica mesh is used to filter impurities from
molten aluminum and brass due to its extreme thermal shock resistance.
… read more
https://texbay.us/product-category/textile-goods/technical-fiber-products/silica/
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This reply was modified 1 month, 2 weeks ago by
TEXBOOKHOST.
texbay.us
TEXBAY.US offers high temperature Glass with ratings up to 1,832 degrees F. Those fibers are used for high temperature insulation or composites.
- E-glass
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